Why was an amendment regarding orientation and mobility instruction added to IDEA in 1997?

The amendment regarding orientation and mobility instruction was added to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1997 to recognize the crucial role of independent mobility in fostering self-esteem among students with visual impairments. This change highlighted the understanding that enabling students to navigate and independently move within their environments is not just a functional skill but also contributes significantly to their overall confidence and self-worth.

By incorporating this amendment, the legislation acknowledged that orientation and mobility training is essential for helping visually impaired students achieve greater independence. This training allows them to participate more fully in a variety of activities, ultimately leading to improved self-efficacy and quality of life. The focus on self-esteem also aligns with broader educational goals that prioritize the emotional and psychological well-being of students with disabilities.