Which refractive error is most common among children with visual disabilities?

The most common refractive error among children with visual disabilities is myopia, or nearsightedness. This condition occurs when light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina, leading to clear vision at close distances but blurred vision for objects that are farther away. Myopia tends to develop in childhood and may progress during the school years, which is particularly relevant as children are often engaged in activities such as reading and using digital devices that can contribute to the onset or progression of this condition.

The increasing prevalence of myopia in children has been a significant concern in recent years, with research indicating a rise in cases associated with various factors, including reduced time spent outdoors and increased screen time. Addressing and managing myopia in children is crucial, as it can lead to further complications and higher risks of severe visual impairment later in life if left untreated.

While astigmatism and hyperopia also affect children, studies show that myopia is more frequently diagnosed and associated with visual disabilities. Presbyopia is an age-related refractive error that occurs later in life, typically after age 40, and is therefore not relevant in discussions about children’s visual disabilities.